Since the introduction of New Approach Methodologies (NAMs), toxicology experts increasingly use in vitro methods, Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC), and computational models to assess safety. Modern computational models, including QSAR, can now predict key endpoints such as acute toxicity, skin/eye irritation, sensitization, chronic toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, and toxicokinetics.
