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According to FDA regulations, if a product is intended to be applied to a person’s body to make the person more attractive, it’s a cosmetic under the law, for instance perfumes, colognes and aftershave should all be regulated as cosmetics. However, some products add fragrances for therapeutic purposes, such as aromatherapy products that could relieve muscle pain or headaches, and fragrance products that help sleep. These kind of fragrance products are generally regulated as pharmaceuticals. Other products that may contain fragrance ingredients, but are not applied to the body, including detergent, fabric softener and carpet freshenerare, are under the administration of the Consumer Product Safety Commission.

Since China's overarching cosmetic regulation – Cosmetics Supervision and Administration Regulations (CSAR) – came into force on January 1, 2021, the authorities have been paying close attention to regulatory compliance and punishing enterprises for non-compliance. This article focuses on four of the main categories of non-compliance and provides case studies for each.

On September 15, 2022, the European Commission issued G/TBT/N/EU/924 notification to amend Regulation 1223/2009 of the European Parliament and the Council on the labeling of fragrance allergens in cosmetics, for the protection of human health or safety.