瑞旭摘要:根据FDA官方指南和真实案例,瑞旭集团梳理了NDI通报回函中“通过”和四类“不通过“回信的典型特征。
在美国市场销售含有新膳食成分(NDI)的膳食补充剂,必须提前至少75天向FDA提交NDI通报(NDIN)。然而,FDA对于NDIN的回信并不像GRAS notice一样,有很明确的“FDA has no questions”的结论,因此,很多企业在收到FDA回信时,面对满篇法规条款和模板化术语,常常分不清:我的通报到底“通过”了没有?
瑞旭集团结合FDA官方指南和真实案例,为您拆解NDI通报的回信类型、解读通报结果。
一、“通过”的回信长什么样?
核心标志
通常,NDIN“通过“回信中都包含以下标准程序性段落:
“In accordance with 21 CFR 190.6 (c), FDA must acknowledge its receipt of a notification for a new dietary ingredient. For 75 days after the filing date, you must not introduce or deliver for introduction into interstate commerce any dietary supplement that contains the new dietary ingredient that is the subject of this notification. Please note that acceptance of this notification for filing is a procedural matter, and thus, does not constitute a finding by FDA that the new dietary ingredient or supplement that contains the new dietary ingredient is safe or is not adulterated under 21 U.S.C. § 342. FDA is not precluded from taking action in the future against any dietary supplement containing your new dietary ingredient if it is found to be unsafe, adulterated, or misbranded.”
并且没有出现以下否定性语句:
- “does not comply with the requirements”
- “do not provide a sufficient basis/not a dietary ingredient”
- “has significant concerns about”
案例分析
- NDIN 1411(罗望子种子多糖)

FDA在回信中确认收到了关于NDI的通知,明确告知企业在备案日期起的75天内不得上市。FDA强调该NDIN的备案是一个“程序性事项”,不代表 FDA 对安全性的最终背书 。这封信使用了标准程序性段落,是典型的“通过”回执。
二、四类“不通过”的回信
根据真实案例,瑞旭集团梳理了四类“不通过“回信的典型特征。
类型1:材料不完整
关键措辞
“……Your notification concerning your new dietary ingredient … does not comply with the requirements of 21 CFR 190.6 and is incomplete for the following reasons: …”
案例分析
- NDIN 1393(烟酰胺核糖苹果酸盐)

FDA指出该NDI通报未提交完整的证明文件副本。
类型2:不符合膳食成分定义
关键措辞
“After careful review, FDA has determined that … do not provide a sufficient basis for us to conclude that …, the subject of your notification, is a “dietary ingredient” within the meaning of 21 U.S.C. § 321(ff)(l) that may be lawfully used in dietary supplements.”
案例分析
- NDIN 1379(DHA和EPA单甘油酯藻油)


FDA指出该NDI通报未证明申报物质符合膳食成分的定义。
类型3:身份信息不足
关键措辞
“FDA has carefully considered the information in your submission, and the Agency has significant concerns about the evidence on which you rely to support your conclusion that … FDA was unable to establish the identity of your new dietary ingredient … did not provide adequate scientific data to support the identity, starting materials, manufacturing process, or specifications.”
案例分析
- NDIN 1412(猪肾蛋白提取物)

FDA指出该NDI通报未提供足够的科学数据来证明身份信息、生产原料、生产工艺和规格。
类型4:安全性证据不足
关键措辞
“FDA has carefully considered the information in your submission, and the Agency has
significant concerns about the evidence on which you rely to support your conclusion that … FDA was unable to establish the safety of your new dietary ingredient … did not provide adequate history of use data, or other evidence of safety, that would demonstrate a reasonable expectation of safety of the NDI for the proposed conditions of use.”
案例分析
- NDIN 1417(毒蝇伞蘑菇提取物AME-1)

FDA指出该NDI通报提供的毒理实验或历史食用记录无法覆盖其拟定的高剂量或长期使用情况,安全性结论不成立。
三、特别提醒:易误读的两种情形
1. We have filed your notification” ≠ 通过
几乎所有回信第一段都会说“FDA received and filed the notification”
—— 这仅仅是程序性受理,与最终结果无关。必须阅读后续内容进行具体判断。
2. “通过”回信中的免责声明 ≠ 否定
即使在通过回信中,FDA也一定会强调“does not constitute a finding by FDA that the new dietary ingredient… is safe or is not adulterated … FDA is not precluded from taking action in the future.”
——这不是“不通过”的信号,而是法定免责条款,意在提醒企业:即使NDIN通过,FDA仍保留未来执法的权利。企业不应将其解读为“FDA不认可”。
四、总结
解读FDA回信,关键就是找对标志性段落。如果您收到的回信包含成分定义、身份或安全性缺陷的讨论,则需重新评估合规策略或补充缺口数据。
瑞旭集团建议:在准备NDI通报时,应严格对照FDA指南中的身份识别与安全评估要求,准备完整、科学的卷宗。提前与专业机构合作,能大幅提高通过的概率。
从近几年的申报经验来看,欧美等主要出口市场对进口食品的合规审查愈发严苛,FDA现场检查、欧盟 Novel Food 授权等程序复杂度升级。为此,瑞旭集团将于2026年6月17日在上海举办“2026全球食品法规年度论坛”,会上我们将为您深度剖析中国新食品原料的申报难点,拆解FDA迎检与欧美注册的实操要点,并同步日韩市场的最新准入路径。
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关于瑞旭集团(CIRS Group)
瑞旭集团成立于2007年,集团员工数超500人,总部位于杭州,在美国、英国、爱尔兰、韩国、日本等地拥有11家子公司,可为企业出海提供一站式的全球新食品原料注册申报服务。瑞旭美国公司位于弗吉尼亚州,我们拥有全职的美国食品法规专家,提供美国FDA GRAS,NDI,CAP,Animal food GRAS,FDA Animal Food Ingredient Consultation, AAFCO SRIS等合规服务。
我们的服务
- 美国GRAS认证咨询及培训
- Self GRAS认证
- FDA GRAS通报
- GRAS资料缺口分析
- 组织FDA官方会议
